OCCURRENCE AND ACTIVITY OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

Abstract
Pitfall trapping was carried out in a southern Ontario apple orchard for 3 years. The three commonest carabids collected wereHarpalus affinisSchr.,Pterostichus melanariusIll., andAmaraspp. Variation in activity was related to mean air temperatures inP.melanariusbut not in the other two species. The use of pitfall traps in enclosures showed that none of the above species use flight as the principal means of locomotion. ImmatureH.affinisadults probably undergo a dispersal flight in July.Amaraspp. andP.melanariusboth fly within the orchard to some extent.