Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Esters by Carbonylation Reactions at Atmospheric Pressure Using Transition Metal Catalysts

Abstract

Methods for obtaining carboxylic acids and esters by reactions with carbon monoxide under atmospheric pressure on transition-metal catalysts are reviewed. The catalysts are classified according to the metal from which they are derived. 1. Reactions Using Nickel-based Catalysts 1.1. Acetylenic and Olefinic Substrates 1.2. Allyl Halides 1.3. Benzyl Halides 1.4. Vinyl Halides 1.5. Aryl Halides 2. Reactions Using Cobalt-based Catalysts 2.1. Acetylenic and Olefinic Substrates 2.2. Alkyl Halides 3. Reactions Using Palladium-based Catalysts 3.1. Acetylenic Substrates 3.2. Olefinic Substrates 3.3. Allyl Halides 3.4. Organomercury Halides 4. Reactions Using Rhodium- and Ruthenium-based Catalysts