Klamelia zhaopengi gen. et sp. nov., a new triconodontan from the Middle or Late Jurassic of northwestern China, has close affinities with Gobiconodon borissiaki Trofimov, 1978, and Guchinodon hoburensis Trofimov, 1978, from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. All three species are characterised by a foreshortened anterior region of the mandible and a reduced number of antemolars as compared with all other amphilestid triconodontans. They are therefore here united as the new subfamily Gobiconodontinae. Another member of the Gobiconodontinae may be an undescribed amphilestid from the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Montana, U.S.A. If so, the presently known geographic and stratigraphic distribution of these forms suggests they were confined to the Middle or Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia and western North America.