Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone levels adjacent to nonsubmerged titanium implants

Abstract
Several parameters have been described to determine success or failure in long‐term evaluations of dental implants. One of these parameters is the observation of changes in peri‐implant bone levels. Studies on submerged implants have analyzed the bone level changes in the pre‐ and post‐loading phases. No such data exist for intentionally nonsubmerged implants. The purposes of this study were: (1) to test the applicability and reproducibillity of a simple computer‐assisted method in the evaluation of changes in peri‐implant bone levels;(2) to establish a baseline for the longterm radiographic follow‐up; and (3) to evaluate changes in crestal bone levels adjacent to nonsubmerged IT1 implants between the 1‐year and 2‐year examination. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained from 80 implants at the l‐year and 2‐year follow‐up examinations after their placement. The implants were located in different jaw areas of 55 patients and supported single crowns or short‐span fixed partial dentures. For each implant, the distance from implant shoulder to first crestal bone contact (DIB) was measured at the proximal surfaces with a digitizer/computer assembly. Statistically significant greater mean DIB were found at the l‐year (baseline) evaluation for: (I) maxillary sites overall (4.10 x 1.02 mm (SD)) compared with mandibular sites overall (3.61 ± 1.03 mm);(2) maxillary anterior sites (4.08 ± 0.97 mm) compared with mandibular posterior sites (3.60 ± 1.05 mm); and (3) maxillary posterior sites (4.13 ± 1.12 mm) compared with mandibular posterior sites. No statistically significant changes in DIB occurred in any of the jaw locations between the l‐year and 2‐year evaluations. These results indicate similar changes in peri‐implant bone levels for non‐submerged implants over a 2‐year period 1 as reported for submerged fixtures.