Analyses of the isotopic composition of Pb in W Pacific Ocean sediments [Jurassic(?) to Pleistocene in age, including clays and biogenic oozes (radiolarian, diatom, foraminifera, nannofossil)], Pacific Ocean basaltic rocks, Mariana frontal arc volcanic rocks (Eocene to (Miocene) and Mariana active arc volcanic rocks [Pliocene(?) to Holocene] indicate that Pacific Ocean sediments could not have been a significant component of the source material for the Mariana arc volcanic rocks. Calculations involving the average concentrations and isotopic compositions of Pb in oceanic sediments, sea-floor basaltic rocks and the Mariana arc volcanic rocks suggest that the sediment component must have been less than 1% of this source material. The Pb isotopic compositions of the Mariana arc volcanic rocks lie, within experimental error, along the trend of available Pacific Ocean basalt analyses in 207Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb diagrams. Isotopic analyses of Pb in Pacific Ocean sediments do not lie along this trend; they have higher 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb values for comparable 206Pb/204Pb ratios. Clayey sediments generally have higher 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb ratios than biogenic oozes regardless of the age of the sediment. Comparison of combined Sr and Pb isotopic analyses for mantle-derived materials erupted through oceanic crust, altered ocean-floor basaltic rocks and volcanic rocks from oceanic island arcs suggests that the Mariana arc volcanic rocks were derived, at least in part, from altered Pacific lithosphere subducted beneath the Mariana arc. Unaltered basalts from the Mariana interarc basin (Mariana Trough) have Pb and Sr isotopic compositions that are very similar to those reported for some Hawaiian volcanic rocks but distinct from Mariana active and frontal arc compositions. These observations, in addition to existing major and trace element data, support a mantle origin for the interarc basin volcanic rocks. Dacites dredged from the Mariana remnant arc (S Honshu Ridge) have Pb isotopic compositions that are within experimental error of the active-arc analyses, consistent with a genetic relation.