The sulfur tolerance of candidate anode and anode current collector materials for the molten carbonate fuel cell were evaluated in an electrochemical half‐cell using both steady‐state and transient potentiostatic techniques. Hydrogen sulfide was introduced into the fuel at concentrations of 50 and 1000 ppm. At the higher sulfur concentration using low BTU fuel, both nickel and cobalt were observed to undergo a negative shift in their open‐circuit potentials, and high anodic and cathodic currents were observed compared with clean fuels. Exchange currents measured using the transient potentiostatic technique were not greatly affected by 50 ppm introduced into the fuel. However, at higher sulfur concentrations, higher apparent exchange currents were observed, indicating a probable sulfidation reaction. Of the new anode materials evaluated, and showed good stability in the anodic region. With the former material, exchange current densities in low BTU fuel were calculated to be ≃8 mA/cm2 at 650°C, lower values than found for either nickel or cobalt anodes under similar conditions. Of the anode current collector materials evaluated, high stabilities were found for 410 and 310 stainless steels. The implications and relevance of these results on fuel cell performance are discussed.