Complications of cutaneous cryotherapy

Abstract

Cryotherapy is a popular treatment for many skin lesions. Complications are few, although some, such as nitrogen emphysema, can be alarming. Safe and effective treatment is a product of correct diagnosis, a conservative technique and attention to the key characteristics of the patient and the lesion. Objectives To review the complications and contraindications associated with cutaneous cryotherapy, and to describe the prevention of complications by appropriate technique, with consideration of the type of lesion being treated, the anatomical site and recognition of the high‐risk patient. Data sources and selection We reviewed published work (in English) from 1982 to 1993. All commonly cited complications are presented and described. Conclusions Cutaneous cryotherapy generally has few complications. However, serious adverse events have been reported, and should be noted by all clinicians using cryotherapy. With adequate trainings appropriate patient selection and the use of suitable cryotherapy regimens, cutaneous cryotherapy provides safe and effective treatment for a wide variety of cutaneous lesions.