Heredity and changes in body composition and adipose tissue metabolism after short-term exercise-training

Abstract

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the genotype dependency of body composition and adipose tissue metabolism following short-term exercise-training. Six pairs of male, sedentary monozygotic twins took part in a 22 day ergocycle training program at 58% \(\dot V_{O_{2\max } }\), with a mean exercise duration of 116 min · d⁻¹. Body weight, fat mass, percent body fat and \(\dot V_{O_{2\max } }\) were evaluated before and after the training program. From a suprailiac region fat biopsy, the following adipose tissue metabolic variables were evaluated: fat cell diameter, basal and epinephrine stimulated lipolysis, basal and insulin stimulated lipogenesis from glucose and heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase activity. The exercise-training program increased (p<0.01) \(\dot V_{O_{2\max } }\) and decreased (p<0.01) body weight, fat mass and percent body fat. Variation in response within twin pairs was not significantly different than response between pairs in the aforementioned variables. However, a significant within pair resemblance (p<0.01) for changes in fat free mass was observed. Adipose tissue metabolic indicators exhibited a large interindividual variation in response to exercise-training. Significant within twin pair resemblance was observed only for basal lipogenesis. Moreover, the non significant within twin pair resemblance for changes in body fat and adipose tissue metabolic indicators suggests that heredity is not a major factor influencing changes in body fat and adipose tissue indicators to short-term training resulting in negative energy balance. Changes in fat free mass were, however, closely coupled to the genotype.