Dielectric Constant of Quartz as a Function of Frequency and Temperature

Abstract

Measurements of dielectric constant and power loss were made from 1 to 90 kc/sec and from 20°C to 400°C. The dielectric constant parallel to the optic axis for all frequencies shows a sharp rise, which occurs at successively higher temperatures for higher frequencies. The loss at a given frequency has a temperature maximum which is higher, the higher the frequency. The results are partially explained by assuming that ions are present in ``tunnels'' parallel to the optic axis. The density and mobility of these ions are obtained. The density is temperature dependent in such a way as to lead to an activation energy of 17.7 kcal per mole. Lithium ions were introduced into the crystals, and the effects caused by these ions were at least compatible with the assumption that lithium ions were originally present. Perpendicular to the optic axis none of the above effects exist.