LC/ES−MS Detection of Hydroxycinnamates in Human Plasma and Urine

Abstract

Hydroxycinnamates are components of many fruits and vegetables, being present in particularly high concentrations in prunes. An abundance of phenolic compounds in the diet has been associated with reduced heart disease mortality. However, little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these metabolites after normal foods are consumed. An LC−electrospray−MS method was developed to measure the concentration of caffeic acid in human plasma and urine, but it can also be applied to ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid. The limit of detection was found to be 10.0 nmol/L for caffeic acid and 12.5 nmol/L for ferulic and chlorogenic acids. The method was tested on samples of plasma and urine collected from volunteers who consumed a single dose of 100 g of prunes and increased levels were observed, demonstrating that the method is capable of detecting changes in hydroxycinnamate levels induced by dietary consumption. Keywords: Caffeic acid; prunes; plums; Prunus domestica; ferulic acid; chlorogenic acid; antioxidants; phenolics; absorption; metabolism