Flame ionization of iron and lead

Abstract
The mass spectra of ions in flame ionization detector (f.i.d.) type flames containing iron and lead compounds show that, in addition to metal ions, prominent species of formula (MoxHx+1)+ are present which are apparently protonated metal hydroxides. For FeOH2+ and PbOH2+, however, the structure of these species may be identical with those of metal-ion hydrates. This work confirms the presence of Pb+ ions in flames to which lead compounds are added, but, in general, metal or metal-containing ions should not affect the saturation current obtainable in an f.i.d, used to detect organometallic compounds. Ionization of iron and lead and their oxides and hydroxides by H3O+ may contribute to atmospheric ionization in the presence of metallic pollutants.