Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and Low Glycemic Index/Load Decrease Levels of Specific Metabolic Syndrome/Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
- 1 January 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Topics in Clinical Nutrition
- Vol. 23 (1), 76-96
- https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tin.0000312083.76447.8d
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess randomized controlled trials from 1998 to 2006 to determine whether these studies provided adequate and consistent evidence to define the patterns and roles of dietary simple and complex carbohydrates (CHOs), including dietary glycemic index, that affect specific metabolic (plasma triglycerides [TG], cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in men and women. A high intake of dietary fructose and glucose increases TG in men but not in women; high dietary sucrose elevates fasting plasma TGs in women. High dietary complex CHO diets elevated plasma TG in men and women. The type of CHO appears to be an important factor in lowering TG levels and other metabolic syndrome factors. Low-fat, high-complex CHO diets in overweight subjects showed improvement in total serum cholesterol level but may be associated with CHO-induced hypertriglyceridemia. A high-polysaccharide and high-fiber diet that may reduce total and low-density cholesterol, primary CVD risk factors, by more than 10% may be clinically significant. A high-dietary glycemic index may exacerbate the proinflammatory process in women. A diet with low-moderate CHO has been recommended to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD. Additional studies are needed to further replicate the effects of different dietary approaches on these and other metabolic syndrome factors in both men and women of different ethnicity in varying age groups.Keywords
This publication has 51 references indexed in Scilit:
- Effects of Protein, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Pressure and Serum LipidsJAMA, 2005
- Diet and inflammation: a link to metabolic and cardiovascular diseasesEuropean Heart Journal, 2005
- Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular diseaseThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003
- A Transgenic Model of Visceral Obesity and the Metabolic SyndromeScience, 2001
- Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)JAMA, 2001
- Relationship Between Changes in Dietary Sucrose and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: The CARDIA StudyAnnals of Epidemiology, 1998
- Dietary sugars and lipid metabolism in humansThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995
- Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment.Circulation, 1992
- Metabolic Implications of Body Fat DistributionDiabetes Care, 1991
- HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AS A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY IN MEN AND WOMEN: THE FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS PREVALENCE STUDYAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 1990