Abstract
Activity of 140 rats was measured as a function of the following variables: pre-shock versus no pre-shock, punishment versus no punishment during tests, and contingent versus noncontingent punishment. "(1) Preshock had no appreciable effects on unpunished activity. (2) Preshock decreased the number of response-contingent shocks received; preshock increased the rate of recovery in activity following this type of punishment. (3) Preshock, however, decreased the rate of recovery in activity following both noncontingent punishment and punishment consisting of a single response-contingent shock." Results were held to support a transfer of training interpretation.

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