Pregnancy may predispose the mother toward paralytic poliomyelitis. Moreover, although poliomyelitis is said to be uncommon before 1 year of age and unusual in the neonatal period, a fair number of cases of infection of the newborn have been reported and at least 30 of these have been within the first month of life. Mouton and others1have summarized the findings in 17 cases collected from the world literature up to 1948 and added 10 patients under 6 months of age studied by them. Up to 1942, Hess2had found 63 infants recorded in the American literature and Compos3reported on about 60 patients under 5 months of age, including 3-day-old and 5-day-old infants. The youngest on record, only 2 days old, was observed by Aycock.4More recently Baskin and others,5Shelokov and Weinstein,6and Abramson and others7have reported additional cases of