Translocation in Saccorhiza dermatodea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae): anatomy and physiology

Abstract

An anatomical, ultrastructural, histoautoradiographic, and physiological study was made of the kelp Saccorhiza dermatodea, which possesses an anatomy "atypical" of Laminariales. A freeze-substitution – histoautoradiographic procedure localized ¹⁴C-labelled organic matter in highly elongated cells (solenocysts) in the medulla of Saccorhiza. These cells are the major long-distance, symplastic translocation pathway in this alga. Solenocysts are joined to each other via numerous lateral connections involving small intermediary cells called allelocysts. Sieve plates (pore diam: ca. 0.05 μm; pore density: ca. 100 μm⁻²), pierced by plasmodesmata in which an occasional tubule may be seen, are present at all allelocyst–solenocyst junctions as well as at intercellular connections in the cortex and meristodermal layers. Solenocyst ultrastructure closely resembles that of typical sieve cells of Laminariales. Secondary wall deposition occurs between June and October constricting the numerous lateral sieve plates and nearly occluding the cell lumen; however, no callose plugging was observed in any of the medullary cells. In vivo¹⁴C-photoassimilate transport was monitored in S. dermatodea blades using a Geiger–Müller probe. The translocation velocity was estimated at 60–100 mm∙h⁻¹ with a greater translocation rate during the day than at night. Amino acid analyses of the S. dermatodea exudate showed a high alanine and glycine content with maximum concentrations 300 mm above the blade base. Nearly 90% of the ¹⁴C activity in both source and sink portions of the blade was in alcohol-soluble matter at the end of 72-h experiments. The unique anatomy of the Saccorhiza blade lends it to experimental exploration of the translocation process in kelp.