Mass-flowering species of woody tropical plants frequently attract a large and diverse array of pollinating insects together with insectivorous birds. It is proposed that the attraction of such pollinator predators or "anti-pollinators" is an integral part of the mass-flowering adaptive strategy. An insect-pollinated mass-flowering plant may expend energy resources in order to attract a surplus of pollinators which then draws insectivorous birds; which in turn facilitate cross-pollination by interacting with and dispersing pollinators between individual plants.