Raman amplification at 1.118 μm in single-mode fibre and its limitation by Brillouin scattering

Abstract
A forward Raman gain of 2.9 dB has been measured in a 1.1 km low-loss fibre using an LED at 1.118 μm as a signal source and a CW Nd: YAG laser as a pump. Backward Brillouin scattering, which depletes the pump power towards the end of the fibre, is found to enhance the Raman gain at the front end.