Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-LC-MS approach to characterize the action of heparan sulfate C5-epimerase
- 15 May 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Vol. 401 (1), 237-244
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5087-z
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans regulate a number of biological functions in many systems. Most of the functions of HS are attributed to its unique structure, consisting of sulfated and non-sulfated domains, arising from the differential presence of iduronyl and glucuronyl residues along the polysaccharide chain. A single glucuronyl C5-epimerase enzyme acts on HS precursors, converts glucuronyl residues into iduronyl residues, and modulates subsequent biosynthetic steps in vivo. Previously, the ratios of non-sulfated epimers within the polysaccharide chain have been calculated by resolving radiolabeled GlcA-AManR and IdoA-AManR disaccharides using a tedious paper chromatography technique. This radioactive assay, based on measuring either the release or incorporation of 3H at C5 carbon of uronyl residues of 3H-labeled HS precursor substrate, has been in use over three decades to characterize the action of HS C5-epimerase. We have developed a non-radioactive assay to estimate the epimerase activity through resolving GlcA-AManR and IdoA-AManR disaccharides on high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with hydrogen/deuterium exchange upon epimerization protocol-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (DEEP-LC-MS). Utilizing this new, non-radioactive-based assay, DEEP-LC-MS, we were able to determine the extent of both forward and reverse reactions on the same substrate catalyzed by C5-epimerase. The results from this study also provide insights into the action of C5-epimerase and provide an opportunity to delineate snapshots of biosynthetic events that occur during the HSPG assembly in the Golgi. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange, Heparan Sulfate C5-Epimerase activity is characterized using a novel DEEP-LC-MS methodKeywords
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