Conditioned Avoiding Response in Puppies

Abstract

There is a wide range in age of appearance and number of sound stimuli required for the formation of conditioned orientation responses of the head, generalized movements of the body, and specific conditioned responses of the foreleg in puppies. The earliest age of conditioned head orientation was 21 days, of conditioned bodily movements 22 days, and of specific conditioned responses of the foreleg 30 days. There were no signs of any form of conditioning to sound until after 3 weeks of age.