Poor Glycemic Control in Diabetes and the Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Even in the Absence of Albuminuria and Retinopathy

Abstract
More than 26 million adults in the United States have chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increased urinary albumin excretion.1 Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality.2-7 As a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the National Kidney Foundation8 and the American Heart Association9 consider individuals with CKD to be in the highest-risk group for intervention.