Increased Frequency of Pre-germinal Center B Cells and Plasma Cell Precursors in the Blood of Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

We have analyzed the blood B cell subpopulations of children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. We found that the normal recirculating mature B cell pool is composed of four subsets: conventional naive and memory B cells, a novel B cell subset with pregerminal center phenotype (IgD⁺CD38⁺centerin⁺), and a plasma cell precursor subset (CD20⁻CD19^+/lowCD27^+/++ CD38⁺⁺). In SLE patients, naive and memory B cells (CD20⁺CD38⁻) are ∼90% reduced, whereas oligoclonal plasma cell precursors are 3-fold expanded, independently of disease activity and modality of therapy. Pregerminal center cells in SLE are decreased to a lesser extent than conventional B cells, and therefore represent the predominant blood B cell subset in a number of patients. Thus, SLE is associated with major blood B cell subset alterations.