Electric-field-induced periodic domain inversion in Nd3+-diffused LiNbO3

Abstract
The authors report the first demonstration of electric-field-induced periodic poling in neodymium-indiffused lithium niobate. The fidelity of patterning is as good as with undoped samples, and the poling field required is smaller. This novel combination of two techniques for manipulation of the optical properties of lithium niobate makes possible an extended range of active devices.