Conjugated‐Polyelectrolyte‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide with Excellent Solubility and Stability in Polar Solvents

Abstract

Conjugated‐polyelectrolyte (CPE)‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets are synthesized for the first time by taking advantage of a specially designed CPE, PFVSO₃, with a planar backbone and charged sulfonate and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains to assist the hydrazine‐mediated reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution. The resulting CPE‐functionalized rGO (PFVSO₃‐rGO) shows excellent solubility and stability in a variety of polar solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl formamide. The morphology of PFVSO₃‐rGO is studied by atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, which reveal a sandwich‐like nanostructure. Within this nanostructure, the backbones of PFVSO₃ stack onto the basal plane of rGO sheets via strong π–π interactions, while the charged hydrophilic side chains of PFVSO₃ prevent the rGO sheets from aggregating via electrostatic and steric repulsions, thus leading to the solubility and stability of PFVSO₃‐rGO in polar solvents. Optoelectronic studies show that the presence of PFVSO₃ within rGO induces photoinduced charge transfer and p‐doping of rGO. As a result, the electrical conductivity of PFVSO₃‐rGO is not only much better than that of GO, but also than that of the unmodified rGO.