Wisconsin card sorting test synchronizes the prefrontal, temporal and posterior association cortex in different frequency ranges and extensions

Abstract

Current findings show some brain regions consistently related to performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). An increase of local cerebral blood flow or metabolic demands has been detected in those regions. Functional integration of the neuronal circuits that subserve the task performance, based upon the identification of the oscillations and their distributed cerebral sources, has not been accomplished previously. The event‐related tonic oscillations within a period of 2,000 msec after the stimulus onset and the probable neural substrate were evaluated in healthy volunteers by variable‐resolution brain electrical tomography (VARETA). The WCST induced a significant increase of δ, θ, β‐2, and γ oscillations, but decrease of α. Areas such as the frontal subregions, temporal, cingulate, parahippocampal, parietal, occipitotemporal cortex, and occipital poles showed modified activity during the task, with EEG spectral band selectivity as well as some overlapping among them. Frontal and temporal regions generated the δ/θ oscillations. Additionally, the occipitotemporal and parietal regions were the source of the δ activity, lacking θ activation. The parietal region also showed tonic α, β‐2 and γ changes. These data imply that different processes have been simultaneously mediated during task performance. Relationships among the individual bands, the neural substrata and the specific cognitive process that support the task were established. The selectively distributed δ, θ, α, β‐2 and γ oscillations reflect communication networks through variable populations of neurons, with functional relations to the working memory functions and the information processing that subserve the WCST performance. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:37–47, 2002.