Proton NMR studies of plastocyanin from Scenedesmus obliquus: complete sequence-specific assignment, secondary structure analysis, and global fold

Abstract

Two-dimensional 1H NMR methods have been used to make sequence-specific resonance assignments for the 97 amino acid residues of the plastocyanin from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Assignments were obtained for all backbone protons and the majority of the side-chain protons. Spin system identification relied heavily on the observation of relayed connectivities to the backbone amide proton. Sequence-specific assignments were made by using the sequential assignment procedure. During this process, an extra valine residue was identified that had not been detected in original amino acid sequence. Elements of regular secondary structure were identified from characteristic NOE connectivities between backbone protons, 3JHN.alpha. coupling constant values, and the observation of slowly exchanging amide protons. The protein in solution contains eight .beta.-strands, one short segment of helix, five reverse turns, and five loops. The .beta.-strands may be arranged into two .beta.-sheets on the basis of extensive cross-strand NOE connectivities. The chain-folding topology determined from the NMR experiments is that of a Greek key .beta.-barrel and is similar to that observed for French bean plastocyanin in solution and poplar plastocyanin in the crystalline state. While the overall structures are similar, several differences in local structure between the S. obliquus and higher plant plastocyanins have been identified.