In April 1948 Evans and Bartels,1in reviewing the results of high thoracolumbar sympathectomy for essential hypertension, expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that anginal pain had been relieved in only 11 (73 per cent) of 15 patients subjected to the usual resection (fourth thoracic to second lumbar ganglions) of Poppen. For patients with severe angina we resolved in the future to remove a greater part of the anginal pathway which had been demonstrated by White, Garrey and Atkins2in the dog to include the first four thoracic sympathetic ganglions. Removal of these ganglions had been performed by Lindgren and Olivecrona3in 71 patients with angina pectoris, not all of whom had hypertension, with complete relief of pain in 44 per cent and partial relief in 41 per cent. White and Bland4reported that their results in 8 patients, 2 of whom had hypertension, showed that "resection