Oral and pharyngeal cancer, diet, smoking, alcohol, and serum vitamin a and β‐carotene levels: A case‐control study in men
- 1 January 1993
- journal article
- other
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Nutrition and Cancer
- Vol. 20 (1), 61-70
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01635589309514271
Abstract
A case-control study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Forty-one men with histologically confirmed squamous cell oral or pharyngeal cancer were compared with 398 male community controls. A statistically significant increase in risk was found for alcohol (ethanol) consumption and for smoking, and there was a synergistic effect for these two exposures. Statistically significant protection was noted with increasing intake of dietary vitamin C, dietary beta-carotene, fruit, vegetables, and dietary fiber. The mean serum levels of beta-carotene and vitamin A were statistically significantly lower when the cases were compared with another set of 88 male controls of a similar age who were hospitalized for minor surgical operations. This study confirms a causal effect of smoking and alcohol and a protective role for a high dietary intake of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and, particularly, beta-carotene- and vitamin C-containing foods.Keywords
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