The influence of water movements upon the species composition and distribution of the marine fauna and flora throughout the Arctic and North Pacific intertidal zones

Abstract

Comparative studies of the intertidal and sublittoral zones along the coasts of the Arctic Ocean (the Barents and White Seas) and the North Pacific from the Bering Straits to Hainan and the Gulf of Tonkin (South China Sea) show certain patterns in the changes of the fauna and flora and in the vertical distribution of the species, all of which are related to water movements, in the form of surf and currents.