Abstract
In 1922 Iwaschenzoff described from Russia an epidemic of relapsing fever attended by high mortality. From many of the sufferers organisms of the Salmonella group were isolated. These organisms, termed S. paratyphus N1, were apparently responsible for the severity of the cases. In 1921–2 the mortality rate in uncomplicated cases of relapsing fever was 5·5 per cent.; whereas it was 50 per cent, in cases showing secondary infection by Paratyphus N bacilli.

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