IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID

Abstract

Studies were carried out on sera from 8 subjects hyper-immunized with toxoid who developed marked immediate skin reactivity to toxoid associated with circulating non-precipitating antitoxin. With the use of the rabbit skin test, the agar diffusion technique, and 3 different methods for passive transfer of skin sensitivity, it was possible to obtain detailed qualitative and quantitative data relating to the antitoxin in these sera. It was found that specimens from 6 individuals contained only skin-sensitizing antitoxin. Two sera showed a lack of parallelism between antitoxin titers as obtained by rabbit skin test and titers as demonstrated by tests in human skin. It was presumed that these sera contained 2 different varieties of non-precipitating antitoxins, and that only one of them was skin-sensitizing antitoxin. A new technique is described for measurement of skin-sensitizing antitoxin. Its specificity is based upon the ability of this antitoxin to remain at skin sites and later neutralize the delayed specific toxic effects of intra-dermal Schick test reagent.