mRNA transcripts related to full-length endogenous retroviral DNA in human cells

Abstract

Mammalian cells contain multiple copies of endogenous type C retroviral DNA sequences^1–4. Among these sequences are complete, potentially infectious proviruses^5–7, pro viral DNA that is expressed only in the form of viral antigens^8–10, retroviral segments that may contribute portions of envelope (env) genes during the generation of recombinant polytropic viruses^11,12, and many subgenomic viral DNA segments¹² that may not be expressed at all. We have previously reported the identification and molecular cloning of type C retroviral sequences from human DNA¹³ and have shown that the partial nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of one of the clones obtained (λ51) are homologous to Moloney MuLV (MoMuLV) in the gag and pol regions¹⁴. The λ51 clone as well as several others isolated from a human DNA library contained approximately 4.3 kilobases (kb) of retroviral sequences, were deleted in the env region¹⁴, and were flanked by tandem repeats unlike the long terminal repeats (LTRs) typically found in proviral DNAs (P.E.S., in preparation). We describe here the characterization of a full-length human retroviral clone (λ4-1) containing LTR elements as well as a putative env region. DNA–RNA hybridization experiments reveal that human cells contain species of poly(A)⁺ RNA that anneal to segments of the full-length retroviral DNA clone.