Establishment and implications of a characterization method for magnetic nanoparticle using cell tracking velocimetry and magnetic susceptibility modified solutions

Abstract

Magnetic micro and nanoparticles conjugated to affinity labels have become a significant, commercial reagent. It has been demonstrated that the performance of cell separation systems using magnetic labels is a function of the magnitude of the magnetic force that can be generated through labeling. This magnetic force is proportional to the number of magnetic particles bound to the cell, the magnetic energy gradient, and the particle-field interaction parameter. This particle–field interaction parameter, which is the product of the relative volumetric, magnetic susceptibility and the volume of the micro or nanoparticle, is a fundamental parameter which can be used to characterize the magnetic particles. An experimental technique is presented which measures the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of particles through the use of susceptibility modified solutions and an experimental instrument, Cell Tracking Velocimetry, CTV. Experimental studies were conducted on polystyrene microspheres alone and those bound to four different magnetic nanoparticles. The experimentally determined values of the magnetic susceptibility of the polystyrene microspheres are consistent with values found from literature. Consequently, magnetic susceptibility measurements of these polystyrene microspheres bound with the magnetic nanoparticles combined with particle size measurements using commercial dynamic light scattering instrument allowed estimates of the particle–field interaction parameter to be made for four commercial, magnetic nanoparticles. The value found for MACS^™ beads is close to what is reported from an independent study. The values for MACS^™ beads and Imag^™ beads are found to agree with what is observed from experiments. Finally, an experimental demonstration of the impact that differences in this field interaction parameter has on the labeling of human lymphocytes is presented.