Carabid Beetles Damage Douglas-Fir Seed

Abstract
Damage to the seed of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) other than that typically caused by mice and shrews was noted in western Washington. A carabid beetle (Harpalus cautus Dejean) found with the damaged seed in the field readily fed on Douglas-fir seed in the laboratory causing identical damage to that noted outdoors.