AnomalousL3L2White-Line Ratios in the3dTransition Metals

Abstract
The L23 near-edge fine structure has been investigated in electron-energy-loss spectra from thin films of 3d transition metals and an unexpected departure from the statistical L3L2 "white-line" intensity ratio of 2: 1 is reported. For Ti, a ratio of 0.7: 1 is observed, while for Fe and Ni the ratio exceeds 3: 1, indicating a systematic trend within the period. It is suggested that many-electron effects may be important.