TEM equivalent circuits for quasi-TEM couplers

Abstract
Equivalent circuits for quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) coupled lines have been developed for symmetric lines (C/sub 1/=C/sub 2/) and for asymmetric lines having a congruent LC matrix. It is shown that the congruence assumption is very general. The error is insignificant provided the line width is narrower than the substrate thickness, a condition generally met in practical circuits. These equivalent circuits are easy to implement using a computer-aided engineering (CAE) system such as TOUCHSTONE, which accepts and correctly calculates ideal transmission line performance even for negative characteristic impedances.<>

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