The procedures for correction of excessive corneal astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty—corneal wedge resection and corneal relaxing incisions—have been well established as effective in reducing approximately 80% of high astigmatic errors. Recent refinements in the original techniques are presented with particular reference to the use of the corneal suction ring, the double-bladed diamond knife, the TG-6-C corneal needle, 10–0 nylon and 11–0 polypropylene sutures, and clinical and surgical keratometry. The improved accuracy afforded by these techniques promises to improve the results and to reduce the standard deviation of previously published techniques.