Systemic Effects of Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus

Abstract

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is accompanied by a marked increase in plasma catecholamines. This produces a number of changes in general systemic physiology including hypertension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, acidosis, and hyperpyrexia. If SE is stopped quickly, these changes are self-correcting and do not produce an increased risk of neuropathology. However, if seizures continue, many of the early physiologic changes reverse, and late status epilepticus is marked by hypotension, hypoglycemia, pulmonary edema and a continued acidosis and elevation of body temperature. Prevention of serious hypoglycemia, maintenance of adequate systemic blood pressure to provide adequate cerebral perfusion, and normalizing the body temperature will minimize or prevent neuropathologic sequelae to SE of extended duration.