Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and Gemcitabine with Tumor Vasculature-Targeted Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Abstract
Purpose: Subnanogram doses of NGR-tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a TNF-α derivative able to target tumor neovessels, can enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin and melphalan in murine models. We have examined the antitumor activity of NGR-TNF in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs acting via different mechanisms, including, besides doxorubicin and melphalan, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine.