— A new species of Dalechampia from Brazil is described and illustrated. Dalechampia erythrostyla is a twining vine and forms relatively dense populations in a disturbed area of the Atlantic Forest, where it has been facing a high risk of extinction. This species is superficially similar to D. alata, D. papillistigma, D. pentaphylla, D. purpurata, and D. violacea, but it differs from them in multiple morphological aspects, including leaf division, size of petiolar stipules and stipels, leaflet shape, number and color of lobes of involucral bracts, number and margin of pistillate sepals, color, size, and shape of stigma.