A cross-bridge model for inotropism as revealed by stiffness measurements in cardiac muscle
- 1 May 1978
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Basic Research in Cardiology
- Vol. 73 (3), 273-286
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01906733
Abstract
Stiffness measurements obtained by means of rapid length changes performed according toHuxley andSimmons (23) showed that the series elasticity of the living frog myocardium obeysHooke's law and alters in proportion to isometric tension. The, same results had previously been reported for glycerol-extracted heart muscle (15, 16). Under conditions of positive inotropism caused by application of noradrenaline, adrenaline or increased extracellular Ca++ concentration, the proportionality between tension and stiffness is maintained (13). As there is strong evidence that the series elasticity of heart muscle resides in the cross-bridges (17,24) this means that systolic force development and positive inotropism are due to the same process, namely a recruitment of “activated” cross-bridges (an increase in the number of cross-bridges attached to actin at any moment). This rules out the two-component model proposed bySonnenblick in which a non-linear series elastic element was postulated. Messungen des Dehnungswiderstandes nach der Methode rascher, rechteckförmiger Längenänderungen (23) zeigen, daß die Serienelastizität des lebenden Froschmyokards demHookeschen Gesetz gehorcht und sich proportional zur isometrischen Kraft verändert. Die gleichen Resultate wurden bereits für Glyzerin-extrahierte Herzmuskelpräparate beschrieben (15, 16). Unter positiver Inotropie (Noradrenalin, Adrenalin, erhöhte extrazelluläre Ca++-Konzentration) bleibt die Proportionalität zwischen Kraft und Dehnungswiderstand gewahrt (vgl. 13). Da es starke Evidenzen dafür gibt, daß die Serienelastizität der Herzmuskelzelle in den Querbrücken selbst lokalisiert ist (17, 24), wird postuliert, daß systolische Kraftentwicklung und positive Inotropie auf demselben molekularen Vorgang beruhen, nämlich einer Rekrutierung aktivierter Querbrücken (Zunahme der Anzahl in jedem Moment an die Aktin-Filamente angehefteter Querbrücken). Damit fällt das vonSonnenblick vorgeschlagene Zwei-Komponenten-Modell, in dem eine nichtlineare Serienelastizität postuliert wird.Keywords
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