Thirty-eight chromosomes were found in root tip cells of Vitis amurense, V. coignitiae, V. doaniana, V. labrusca, V. rupestris, and all the 14 cultivated grape varieties investigated except Muscat Gigas and Sultanina Gigas (these 2 having 76 chromosomes). Pyrus coronaria had 68[plus or minus]2?, P. glaucescens 68, P. spectabilis 51 [plus or minus] 1?, and P. amurense, P. baccata, P. calleryana, P. halliana, P. ioensis, P. niedzwetzkyana, P. prunifolia, P. prunifolia macrocarpa, P. rivularis, P. sargenti, P. scheideckeri, P. soulardi, P. ussuriensis, 34. The 8 cultivated apple varieties investigated all had 34 chromosomes except P. cola, which had 70 [plus or minus] 2?. Chromosome counts in Pyrus were made from pollen mother cells.