Applications of Virtual Reality in Aesthetic Surgery
- 1 September 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Vol. 116 (3), 898-904
- https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000176901.37684.8a
Abstract
Virtual reality has a long history in plastic and reconstructive surgery, with uses ranging from anatomical demonstration to craniofacial surgical planning. The purpose of this article is to add to the literature a computer graphics–based resource for aesthetic surgery. Deformation tools, virtual cameras, and other components of Alias's Maya 4.0 were used to perform virtual surgical procedures on a detailed model of superficial facial anatomy. This three-dimensional model of superficial facial anatomy, derived from the National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project, was also “aged” in Maya at key depths of anatomical dissection. Adobe's After Effects 5.5 was used for animation postproduction work for all animations. Three-dimensional computer animations were developed to illustrate techniques in aesthetic surgery. Another animation was created that simulates facial aging at various levels of anatomical dissection. Computer modeling and animation have the potential to play an important role in education, surgical planning, development, and other aspects of aesthetic surgery.Keywords
This publication has 17 references indexed in Scilit:
- DiscussionPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2005
- Virtual reality simulator for vitreoretinal surgeryEye, 2003
- Virtual reality simulation of arthroscopy of the kneeArthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2002
- Evaluation of a virtual reality simulator for arthroscopy skills developmentArthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2002
- Use of Three-Dimensional Computer Graphic Animation to Illustrate Cleft Lip and Palate SurgeryComputer Aided Surgery, 2002
- Virtual Reality Bronchoscopy SimulationChest, 2001
- A Virtual Reality System for Bone Fragment Positioning in Multisegment Craniofacial Surgical ProceduresPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1998
- A Classification of Plagiocephaly Utilizing a Three-Dimensional Computer Analysis of Cranial Base LandmarksAnnals of Plastic Surgery, 1996
- A Three-Dimensional Smooth Surface Analysis of Untreated Crouzonʼs Syndrome in the AdultThe Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 1995
- Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Design of Craniofacial Surgical ProceduresPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1986