Distribution of Central American Melastomataceae: biogeographical analysis of the Caribbean islands

Abstract

We have studied the geological history of Central America, particularly the Caribbean, in order to discover the impact of other areas on the islands in the Caribbean Sea. The study of the distribution of 675 Melastomataceae species led us to establish the biogeographical ranks of Subregion, Superprovince, Province and Subprovince. We also suggest a biogeographical typology for the Caribbean Islands. In order to discover the relationships between the 16 territories under study, we collected the endemic Melastomataceae taxa occurring in each of them and applied the Jaccard index. Finally, we establish the Caribbean Subregion, with the Western Antilles Superprovince, which in turn includes the Provinces of Florida and Cuba. In this latter, we define two subprovinces, Cuba and Jamaica. The Central—Eastern Antilles Superprovince includes the provinces of Eastern Antilles and Hispaniola. The research involved the implementation of a floristic and distributional study of the Melastomataceae endemic taxa of the Caribbean Islands, particularly on Hispaniola; for this latter, finally the study revealed the existence of two large areas, one siliceous and another of a carbonated character.