Differentiation of Sinus Tachycardia from Paroxysmal 1:1 Tachycardias Using Single Late Diastolic Atrial Extrastimuli

Abstract

Existing antitachycardia devices do not discriminate perfectly between sinus tachycardia and paroxysmal tachycardias with 1:1 atrioventricular relationship (paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardias). The present study tested the hypothesis that the nature of the ventricular response to atrial extrastimulation might distinguish between sinus tachycardia and selected paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardias. In 15 patients, atrial extrastimuli were delivered during sinus tachycardia and in 13 patients during various types of paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardia, and the timing of the next ventricular beat was measured. During sinus tachycardia, in 14 of 15 patients, atrial extrastimuli which were, in turn, early by 80 and 100 ms made the next ventricular beat premature by at least 30 and 50 ms, respectively. In all 13 patients, during paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardia, atrial extrastimuli that were early by 80 and 100 ms failed to make the next ventricular beat premature by more than 10 ms. Single atrial extrastimuli that were premature by less than or equal to 100 ms did not provoke faster tachycardias in any of the patients. In this study, a technique that used single late extrastimuli during tachycardia safely distinguished sinus tachycardia from paroxysmal tachycardias. This technique might be suitable for incorporation into an antitachycardia device. Further investigation of this technique is warranted in a larger number of patients with a wider variety of tachycardias. Patients with Gemini 415As having dual anodal rings, which can be identified radiographically, are at risk for this design-dep design-dependent cross-talk and merit close observation.