CXCL12 Mediates CCR7-independent Homing of Central Memory Cells, But Not Naive T Cells, in Peripheral Lymph Nodes

Abstract

Central memory CD8⁺ T cells (T_CM) confer superior protective immunity against infections compared with other T cell subsets. T_CM recirculate mainly through secondary lymphoid organs, including peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs). Here, we report that T_CM, unlike naive T cells, can home to PLNs in both a CCR7-dependent and -independent manner. Homing experiments in paucity of lymph node T cells (plt/plt) mice, which do not express CCR7 ligands in secondary lymphoid organs, revealed that T_CM migrate to PLNs at ∼20% of wild-type (WT) levels, whereas homing of naive T cells was reduced by 95%. Accordingly, a large fraction of endogenous CD8⁺ T cells in plt/plt PLNs displayed a T_CM phenotype. Intravital microscopy of plt/plt subiliac lymph nodes showed that T_CM rolled and firmly adhered (sticking) in high endothelial venules (HEVs), whereas naive T cells were incapable of sticking. Sticking of T_CM in plt/plt HEVs was pertussis toxin sensitive and was blocked by anti-CXCL12 (SDF-1α). Anti-CXCL12 also reduced homing of T_CM to PLNs in WT animals by 20%, indicating a nonredundant role for this chemokine in the presence of physiologic CCR7 agonists. Together, these data distinguish naive T cells from T_CM, whereby only the latter display greater migratory flexibility by virtue of their increased responsiveness to both CCR7 ligands and CXCL12 during homing to PLN.