OKN and OKAN were affected by unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomy. The maximum velocity of slow phases of OKN induced by drum rotations above 60-75 degrees/sec in either direction was lower after unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomy. The frequency of OKN was also decreased, and the total deviation of the eyes was reduced for OKN induced by these drum speeds. Changes in OKN eventually recovered. OKAN was reduced in duration after unilateral labyrinthectomy, being initially shorter to the ipsilateral than to the contralateral side. OKAN could no longer be evoked after bilateral labyrinthectomy. This loss was permanent. These data demonstrate the importance of the vestibular system in maintenance of OKN and OKAN.