Objective: To investigate residents’ work schedules and their attitudes toward limiting their hours. Methods: An anonymous survey regarding resident work hours and call schedules was administered to the 4674 obstetric-gynecologic residents who took the year 2000 Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology in-training examination. Results: A total of 4510 surveys were analyzed (96.5%). Three of four (75.5%) respondents reported working between 61 and 100 hours each week. Most (71.3%) reported sleeping less than 3 hours while on night call. Eight of ten reported having postcall clinical responsibilities. The reported number of hours on call declined and the reported number of hours of sleep increased with year of residency. Three of four residents wanted limits on their work hours. Residents who reported longer on-call hours or less sleep during night shift were significantly more likely to want a restriction on work hours. Fatigue was the most commonly selected reason (77.6%) followed by “need more personal time” (76.3%), and “fear of compromising quality of care” (59.8%). Women were more concerned about fatigue than were men. Among residents who did not want work hour restrictions, “additional surgical experience” was the most commonly selected reason (69.0%). Conclusion: Residents in obstetrics and gynecology report working long hours, and experiencing periods of little sleep. Most want their work hours to be limited. Fatigue is a major concern among residents that want their hours limited. A sizable minority worries that such limits might also limit their experience.