The main anthocyanin pigments of the genus Dicentra have been characterized through the use of spectroscopy and chromatography. This combination of techniques, particularly suited to anthocyanins, has demonstrated that all are glycosides of cyanidin (3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavylium) and that none are acylated. The simplest, found in several species, is cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, while the most complex is cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucosido-7-xyloside. This triglycoside is present in only one species as well as in certain experimental interspecific hybrids, and this is its first reported occurrence in nature. A rapid method is described for identification of anthocyanin sugars using thin-layer chromatography.