This chapter discusses theorizing Chinese femininities and masculinities. There is an ongoing tension within academic feminism between two basic approaches, which are represented as oversimplified extremes. One approach begins with the problem of inequality and then proceeds to critique patriarchy. This inequality-patriarchy approach takes for granted the immutable existence of two biologically differentiated sexes and asks how power is divided between those on opposite sides of the divide. The other approach begins with the issue of difference and then proceeds to focus on constructions of gender. Furthermore, the chapter provides an overview of the study. The study explores questions related to gender while treating gender as more than simply a collection of roles, symbols, and behaviors that are always attached to two incommensurable sexes. It approaches gender as an important organizing principle of an entire worldview. Apart from providing a wealth of interesting detail, it also illustrates the plural nature of femininities and masculinities. Its focus is on the interplay between ideas and practices associated with femininity and masculinity.