Tissue effects of neodymium: Yag laser photo‐radiation of canine ureters

Abstract

Although the entire ureter and renal collecting system are accessible for endoscopic treatment with a neodymium:YAG, (Nd:YAG) laser, specifications for safe laser application within the ureter are not established. After various doses of Nd:YAG laser energy were delivered, the midureters of six mongrel dogs were studied to determine tissue effects. Doses which are appropriate within the bladder (35 watts × 2 seconds) resulted in perforation and urine leak from the ureters. Higher doses (60‐65 watts) of short duration were tolerated without problems and nonstrictured healing ensued. Further studies are necesssary before Nd:YAG laser treatment of mid‐ureteral tumors is recommended.